• Yadda “yan gwagwarmayar” goyon bayan juyin mulki masu ra’ayin Rasha suka fallasu suka kuma rushe
• Dalilin da ya sa Najeriya, ECOWAS suka tura dakarun tsaro
• Raguwar mulkin dimokuraɗiyya, barazana ga Yammacin Afirka
Daga Oumarou Sanou
Bayan fitar alfijir a ranar Lahadi, 7 ga Disamba 2025, babban birnin Benin mai nutsuwa—Cotonou—ya farka da karar harbe-harbe. Ƙananan rundunar sojoji masu banzar biyayya suka kai hari a daidai lokaci kan gidan shugaban ƙasa Patrice Talon da ke unguwar Guézo, kafin su yi ƙoƙarin kwace fadar shugaban ƙasa. A tare da wannan, wani tawaga ta yi dirar-mikiya a gidan talabijin na ƙasa, ORTB, inda suka sanar da kafa “Kwamitin Sabon Tsarin Soja” ƙarƙashin wata baƙuwa a siyasa, Laftanar-Kolonel Tigri Pascal.
Kafin awa uku, juyin mulkin ya rushe gabaki ɗaya. Zuwa ƙarfe 10 na safe, rundunonin gwamnati sun sake mamaye fadar shugaban ƙasa tare da ORTB. Zuwa ƙarfe 12:30 na rana, Ma’aikatar Harkokin Cikin Gida ta bayyana a talabijin tana cewa “an kawar da juyin mulkin gaba ɗaya.”
’Yan tawaye suka watse. Wasu suka gudu zuwa iyakoki. Hankali ya dawo. Amma muhimmancin wannan abin bai ta’allaka ga gajeruwar lokacin da ya ɗauka ba—amma ga abin da ya fallasa.
Ba kawai ɗan tawayen wasu sojoji ba ne—amma darasi ne a yadda tasirin ƙasashen waje, yaɗa bayanan ƙarya, da raunin dimokuraɗiyya ke haɗuwa suna haifar da gibin da ake iya kutsawa cikin kasashen Yammacin Afirka.
Barkewar Yaɗa Bayan Labari na Ƙarya da Ta Yi Kama da Tsararraki
Tun kafin hukumomi su tabbatar da abin da ke faruwa, kafafen sadarwa na yanar gizo suka cika da saƙonni—ba ta hanyar halitta ba, amma cikin tsari mai ban mamaki.
Gungun “’yan kishin Afirka” masu mara wa Rasha baya—inda da dama daga cikinsu sun daɗe suna da alaƙa da cibiyoyin yada labaran Moscow—suka shiga aiki. Kémi Seba, ɗaya daga cikin manyan fuska a dabarun Rasha a Afirka, ya yi maraba da harin a matsayin “rana ta ’yanci,” sannan ya goge sakon da sauri bayan ganin an ci galaba a kan shirin.
Haka ma Nathalie Yamb, ’yar ƙasar Swiss-Cameroon mai kusanci da Rasha da kuma jagororin mulkin soja na Sahel, ta baza jita-jita da labaran da ba a tantance ba. Shirunta a lokacin tarzomar bayan zaben ƙasarta ya bambanta da gaggawar da ta nuna ga abin da ya faru a Benin.
Bugu da ƙari, wasu asusun kafafen sada zumunta masu alaƙa da Alliance of Sahel States (AES)—ƙungiyar mulkin sojan Mali, Niger da Burkina Faso—sun baza bidiyon bogi, hotuna na ƙarya, tare da ƙirƙirar labarin “masu zanga-zanga miliyan biyu” masu goyon bayan ’yan tawayen.
An sake fito da tsofaffin hotunan gangamin kishin ƙasa ana nunawa a matsayin abin da ke faruwa a zahiri a Cotonou. Wannan ba hayaniya ce ta bazata ba. Tsarin yaɗa bayanan ƙarya ne da aka riga aka tanada, ana jiran abin da zai tayar da shi.
Gaggawa da daidaiton sakonnin sun haifar da tambayoyi: shin an sanar da jaruman nan tun kafin lokaci? Shin asusun AES suna aiki ne bisa umarni? Shin akwai wasu waje da suke jiran nasarar juyin mulkin?
Jiragen Yakin Rasha da Tambayoyin da Ba a Amsa ba
Wani abu mai tayar da hankali daga teku ya biyo baya. A daidai lokacin da ake juyin mulkin, an gano wasu jiragen yaki biyu na Rasha suna matsowa zuwa gabar Port of Cotonou. Shaidu sun ce jiragen suka juya da gaggawa bayan tabbacin gazawar juyin mulkin.
Shin daidaituwa ce kawai? Ko rangadin yau da kullum? Ko wani abu dabam? Babu shaidar kai tsaye da ke nuna cewa Moscow ta shirya juyin mulkin. Amma kamar yadda masana tsaro kan ce: tsari shi ke bayar da alama. Misali: jaruman yada labaran Rasha sun yi murna da juyin mulkin, asusun AES sun yada labaran ƙarya, sannan jiragen Rasha suka motsa a lokaci guda da abin da ke faruwa.
Haka kuma, juyin mulkin ya faru a ranar gaban babban taron kasashen Afirka da zai gudana a Lomé—lokacin da ake tsananin kula da siyasa. Idan ba daidaituwa ce ba—to dai daɗa dacewa ne.
Abu ɗaya ba ya buƙatar muhawara: mafi yawan cibiyoyin da suka yi murna da juyin mulkin—duk suna tare da Moscow.
Ceton Benin Saboda Ƙarfin Gine-ginensa
Abin mamaki ba wai juyin mulkin ya faru ba ne, amma irin saurin da aka murƙushe shi.
Sojojin Benin—waɗanda ake martaba cikin ƙwararru da masu bin doka—sun tsaya daram. Ƙalilan ne daga cikinsu suka shiga tawaye. Tsarin umarni ya tsaya yadda ya kamata. Shugaba Talon ya kasance cikin tsaro.
Jama’a kuwa sun fito sun goyi bayan tsarin mulkin ƙasa. ’Yan tawayen ba su samu goyon bayan jama’a ba. Haɗin kai ya ƙara ƙarfantu bayan Côte d’Ivoire ta sanya dakarunta cikin shiri idan Benin ta bukaci taimako. Gabon ma—duk da gwamnatin sojanta—ta nuna shirin taimakawa. Najeriya a matsayin Shugabancin ECOWAS ta sanya rundunonin tsaro cikin shiri.
Wannan shi ne karo na farko cikin tarihin baya-bayan nan da kasashen Yammacin Afirka suka nuna tanadin tsoma baki wajen hana juyin mulki, ba wai suyi Allah-wadai da shi bayan an yi ba.
Martanin Najeriya da ECOWAS
Yayin tsoron kada abin ya zama kamar abin da ya faru a Niger, Mali da Burkina Faso, Najeriya da ECOWAS sun ɗauki matakin gaggawa—tare da nuna ƙarfi da tura dakarun tsaro.
Bisa umarnin Shugaba Ahmed Bola Tinubu, Ma’aikatar Harkokin Waje ta Najeriya ta fitar da sanarwa cikin sa’o’i:
“Najeriya na Allah-wadai da ƙoƙarin kifar da tsarin mulki a Jamhuriyar Benin. Duk wani sauyin mulki da ba bisa ka’ida ba ba zai yuwu a Yammacin Afirka. Najeriya na shirye ta taimaka wajen kare zaman lafiya da dimokuraɗiyya a Benin.”
A nata bangare, ECOWAS ta bi da gaggawa:
“Hukumar Shugabannin Kasashe da Gwamnatoci na Allah-wadai da yunkurin juyin mulki a Benin, tare da tabbatar da matsayin ta na rashin amincewa da duk wani sauyin mulki da ba bisa aure na dimokuraɗiyya ba.”
Wannan magana ba ta tsaya kan takarda ba—an tura rundunonin soji cikin shiri, sannan wasu daga cikin ’yan tawayen an bi su har an hallaka su. Yankin ya fahimci hatsarin.
Yadda Raguwar Dimokuraɗiyya ke Bude Kofa ga Hannun Waje
Juyin mulkin ya fallasa gaskiya mai ciwo game da halin dimokuraɗiyya a Yammacin Afirka.
Yankin na fama da matsaloli da ke sa juyin mulki ya zama abin jawo hankali ko kuma abin da masu yaudara da masu hannun waje ke iya amfani da shi:
Rashin amincewa da sakamakon zaɓe saboda kura-kurai da cin hanci
Matsin tattalin arziki da rashin daidaito a rayuwa
Ƙuntatawar sararin dimokuraɗiyya da wanda masu zanga-zanga ba sa samun murya
Rashin ingancin tsarin rigakafin rikice-rikice na ECOWAS da AU
A cikin irin wannan tsaiko ne ƙasashen waje—musamman Rasha—ke hura wutar juyin mulki ta hanyar tallafin soji, adawa da yammacin duniya, da kuma labaran ƙarya.
A Mali, Burkina Faso da Niger, cibiyoyin Rasha sun taimaka wajen ƙarfafa mulkin soji—ana yi masa lakabi da “yancin kai.”
Juyin mulkin Benin da ya kasa ya dace da irin wannan tsari—ko Rasha ta shirya ko ta yi amfani da damar kawai.
Yankin Yammacin Afirka a Gicciye
Darasin Cotonou ba nasara ba ce kawai—amma gargadi ne.
Benin ta tsira saboda tsarin ta ya tsaya. Amma wata ƙasa ba ta da wannan tabbaci.
Idan gwamnatoci ba su gyara dimokuraɗiyya, samar da mafita ga talauci, bude sararin siyasa, da tabbatar da ikon farar hula a kan sojoji ba—to dama za ta sake buɗewa ga masu tayar da hankali na ciki da waje.
ECOWAS na fuskantar jarabawa mafi girma: Shin za ta iya dawo da martabar hana juyin mulki bayan gazawar Niger da sauran su?
Gargadi na Ƙarshe
Juyin mulkin da ya kasa a Benin ba ƙaramar al’amari ba ne. Madubi ne da aka auna halin yankin.
Cutar juyin mulki a Sahel ba ta zo da bazata ba—sakamakon rushewar dimokuraɗiyya, rashin amincewar jama’a, matsin tsaro, da hannun waje. Idan ba a magance wadannan ba, Yammacin Afirka za ta ci gaba da zama dandali ga ƙasashen da ke neman tasiri da kuma masu tayar da hankali.
Benin ta tsira ne kawai saboda ginin ta ya tsaya—amma babu wata ƙasa a yau da za ta ce ta tsira gaba ɗaya.
Yammacin Afirka dole ta dauki mataki—gaggawa, tsanaki, da haɗin kai—kafin wani juyin mulki ya samu nasara.
Oumarou Sanou
Masani, mai sharhi kan harkokin siyasa, tsaro da mulki a Sahel.
Ya rubuta kan dabarun geopolitiƙs, zaman lafiyar yanki, da sauyin jagoranci a Afirka.
Tuntuɓa: sanououmarou386@gmail.com
