NCDC implements measures to tackle lassa fever outbreak across Nigeria

In response to the reported outbreaks of Lassa fever spanning 23 states, the Nigeria Centre for Disease Control and Prevention has activated a multi-sectoral multi-disciplinary Incident Management System to curb the further spread of the disease.

Dr Idris Olajide, the Director-General of NCDC, unveiled these measures during a press briefing on Friday.

He outlined the steps taken, which encompassed the distribution of essential medical supplies for case management, infection prevention and control, and laboratory diagnosis to all Lassa fever treatment centers nationwide

Additionally, capacity building exercises for healthcare workers on Lassa fever preparedness, readiness, and response have been conducted across all geopolitical zones. The dissemination of Lassa fever social and behavior change communication (SBC) materials to all 36 states and the Federal Capital Territory (FCT) was also emphasized.

“Lassa fever, an acute viral hemorrhagic fever caused by the Lassa virus, primarily spreads through direct contact with contaminated materials from infected rodents. virus spreads through: Direct contact with droppings ( urine, faeces, saliva)The disease initially presents like any other common illnesses accompanied by a fever, such as malaria.

“Other symptoms include headache, general body weakness, cough, nausea, vomiting, diarrhoea, muscle pains, chest pain, sore throat, and, in severe cases, bleeding from ears, eyes, nose, mouth, and other body openings (hence the name hemorrhagic).

“The time between infection and the appearance of symptoms of the disease (incubation period) is 3 to 21 days.
As of February 18, 2024, a total of 476 confirmed cases and 84 deaths have been reported across 84 Local Government Areas in 23 states, with a case fatality rate of 18.6 per cent, “Dr Jide Added

Olajide underscored the NCDC’s response to other disease outbreaks, including meningitis, measles, diphtheria, and cholera.

He added, “At this period in our country, we are also responding to other disease outbreaks including meningitis (507 cases and 63 deaths in 19 states), measles (915 suspected, 516 confirmed cases with 2 deaths in 29 states), diphtheria (16,248 cases and 646 deaths in 22 states), and cholera. These statistics recorded are high and totally unacceptable to government. So, safeguarding our health is our collective responsibility.”

The statement lauded and acknowledged the efforts of all affected state governments, the FCT, various State Ministries of Health, numerous healthcare workers, and stakeholders who have taken proactive measures in their respective states.

The DG emphasised the importance of collective responsibility in safeguarding public health.

The NCDC provided guidance to the public and healthcare workers to mitigate the risk of Lassa fever infection:

“Maintain cleanliness in the environment and block entry points for rodents.

“Properly dispose of waste and store food items in tightly sealed containers.

“Discourage bush burning to deter rodents from migrating into human residences.

“Practice good personal and hand hygiene, and seek medical attention promptly if symptoms of Lassa fever manifest.

“Avoid self-medication and adhere to prescribed treatment protocols,” the state government urged the public.

The statement urged health workers on safety saying, “Adhere to standard infection prevention and control practices, including the use of personal protective equipment.

“Maintain a high index of suspicion for Lassa fever and promptly report suspected cases to local authorities for immediate action.”

Olajide emphasised that health security is a collective responsibility, and concerted efforts are essential to combat the spread of Lassa fever and other diseases.